亚洲AV成为人电影_焊接外觀(guān)缺陷及防止措施—西安貝多環(huán)?？萍加邢薰?/title> <meta name=Keywords content=焊接外觀(guān)缺陷及防止措施,焊接缺陷> <meta name=Description content=焊接外觀(guān)缺陷包括焊縫尺寸不符合要求，咬邊，焊瘤，凹坑，裂紋等，防止措施因不同的缺陷而采取不同的措施。> <link href="/css/css.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /> <script src="/js/jquery-1.10.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/g.wxkj.net/js/jquery.scrollLoading-min.js"></script>    <script> var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.src = "https://#/hm.js?790227c9fba81a4ca9f052a56ec4d380"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })(); </script> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <script>var V_PATH="/";window.onerror=function(){ return true; };</script> </head> <body> <h1><a href="http://wap.65403.cn/">亚洲AV无码精品色午夜果冻,亚洲色偷偷色噜噜狠狠99,藏经阁av无码综合亚洲,性高朝久久久久久久3小时</a></h1> <div id="ouemm" class="pl_css_ganrao" 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sub_title"> <dt></dt> <dd>當前位置：<a href='/index.asp'>首頁(yè)</a> > <a href='/Item/list.asp?id=1666'>技術(shù)支持</a> > 焊接外觀(guān)缺陷及防止措施</dd> </dl> </div> <div id="vnjljxb" class="sub_content box"> <ul class="news_view"> <li><h3>焊接外觀(guān)缺陷及防止措施</h3></li> <li id="vnjljxb" class="news_ts"></li> <li><div class="vnjljxb" id="MyContent"><p><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px;">?</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">焊縫尺寸不符合要求</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">焊縫尺寸不符合要求是指焊縫寬度及寬度差、焊縫余高及余高差、錯邊量、焊后變形量等不符合標準規定的尺寸，焊縫高低不平、寬窄不齊、變形較火等。焊縫不直、寬窄不均不僅影響焊縫的美觀(guān)，而且影響焊縫與母材結合強度；焊縫余高太大，易產(chǎn)生應力集中；焊縫高度低于母材，則焊接接頭的強度較低；錯邊和變形過(guò)大，則產(chǎn)生應力集中，使強度下降。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">坡口角度不當，裝配間隙不均勻，焊接工藝參數選擇不當，焊工的操作水平較低等都可以造成焊縫尺寸不符合要求。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">防止措施有：選擇適當的坡口角度和裝配間隙，提高裝配質(zhì)量；選擇合適的焊接工藝參數；提高焊工的操作水平等。</span></span></p><p><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px;">?</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">咬邊</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">咬邊是在沿著(zhù)焊趾的母材部位上被電弧燒熔而形成的凹陷或溝槽。造成咬邊的原因有：焊接時(shí)焊接電流過(guò)大，電弧過(guò)長(cháng)，焊條角度不當，運條方式不當等。一般在平焊時(shí)較少出現咬邊，而在立焊、橫焊或仰焊時(shí)，由于焊接電流較大，運條時(shí)在坡口兩側停留時(shí)間較短，而在焊縫中間的停留時(shí)間較長(cháng)，使焊縫中間的金屬熔池的溫度過(guò)高而下墜，兩側的母材金屬被電弧吹去而未填滿(mǎn)金屬熔池。咬邊減小了焊縫的有效截面，不僅削弱了焊接接頭的強度，而且易造成應力集中而產(chǎn)生裂紋。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">防止措施有：焊接時(shí)選用合適的焊接電流，避免電流過(guò)大；電弧不能拉得過(guò)長(cháng)；焊條角度適當；運條時(shí)在坡口邊緣速度較慢，停留時(shí)間稍長(cháng)，而在焊縫中間時(shí)速度較快。</span></span></p><p><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px;">?</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">焊瘤</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">焊瘤是指在焊接過(guò)程中，熔化金屬流淌到焊縫以外未熔化的母材上所形成的金屬瘤。由于金屬熔池的溫度過(guò)高使得熔融金屬的凝固速度較慢，在自重力作用下下墜而形成焊瘤。在平焊對接時(shí)，第一層背面有時(shí)產(chǎn)生焊瘤，而在立焊、橫焊、仰焊時(shí)常形成焊瘤。焊瘤使得焊縫截面突變，不僅影響焊縫的成形，而且在焊瘤部位通常還存在夾渣、未焊透等缺陷，此外還易造成應力集中，降低接頭的疲勞強度。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">防止措施有：根據焊接工藝選擇合適的焊接電流、焊接速度等焊接工藝參數。平焊時(shí)，對口間隙不宜過(guò)大；應控制金屬熔池溫度，使其不要過(guò)高，選用適當焊接電流，如果熔池的水平位置突然下降，立即滅弧。</span></span></p><p><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px;">?</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">凹坑</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">焊后，在焊縫表面或焊縫背面形成的低子母材表面的局部下陷部分稱(chēng)為凹坑。通常由于焊工的操作手法不當，在收弧處易產(chǎn)生凹坑。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">防止措施有：焊條在收弧處多停留一會(huì )，如果由于停留時(shí)間過(guò)長(cháng)造成金屬熔池溫度過(guò)高，則會(huì )產(chǎn)生熔池過(guò)大或焊瘤。此時(shí)應采用斷續滅弧焊來(lái)填滿(mǎn)，即焊條在該處稍微停留后就滅弧，待其冷卻后再引弧并填充一些熔化金屬，反復幾次可將凹坑填滿(mǎn)。</span></span></p><p><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px;">?</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">裂紋</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">在焊接應力及其他致脆因素的共同作用下，金屬材料的原子結合被破壞，形成新界面而產(chǎn)生的縫隙稱(chēng)為裂紋。裂紋按其產(chǎn)生的溫度和時(shí)間不同可分為熱裂紋、冷裂紋和再熱裂紋；按其產(chǎn)生的部位不同可分為縱裂紋、橫裂紋、弧坑裂紋、熔合線(xiàn)裂紋、焊根裂紋及熱影響區裂紋等。裂紋在焊接缺陷中最危險，不僅使焊件的焊接性能下降，還有可能導致嚴重的事故。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">在焊接過(guò)程中，熱裂紋是在焊縫和熱影響區金屬冷卻到同相線(xiàn)附近的高溫區產(chǎn)生的，主要是因為熔池金屬中的低熔點(diǎn)共晶體和雜質(zhì)在結晶過(guò)程中，形成嚴重的偏析，同時(shí)在焊接應力的作用下，沿著(zhù)晶界被拉開(kāi)。奧氏體不銹鋼、鎳合金和鋁合金在焊接時(shí)易產(chǎn)生熱裂紋；而低碳鋼焊接時(shí)不易產(chǎn)生熱裂紋。熱裂紋的特征是斷口呈藍黑色，其形狀有鋸齒狀、花紋狀及帶鋸齒的直線(xiàn)狀。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">防止措施有：嚴格控制工件和焊接材料的硫、磷等雜質(zhì)含量，降低熱裂紋敏感性；調整焊縫金屬的化學(xué)成分，減少偏析；采用堿性焊條，降低焊縫中雜質(zhì)的含量，改善偏析；選擇適當的焊接工藝參數；斷弧時(shí)采用與母材相</span>l司的引出板，或逐漸滅弧，并填滿(mǎn)弧坑，避免在弧坑處產(chǎn)生熱裂紋。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">冷裂紋是焊接接頭冷卻到較低溫度下（對于鋼來(lái)說(shuō)，低于</span>Ms溫度）產(chǎn)生的。冷裂紋可在焊后立即出現，也有可能經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間才出現，具有延遲性，所以其危害性更大。馬氏體相變產(chǎn)生淬硬組織，焊接殘余應力和焊縫中的氫都有可能產(chǎn)生冷裂紋。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">防止措施有：選用堿性低氫型焊條，使用前嚴格按照焊條說(shuō)明書(shū)規定進(jìn)行焊前處理，減少焊縫中的氫含量；選擇適當的焊接工藝參數和熱輸入，減少焊縫的淬硬傾向；焊后進(jìn)行消氫處理；對于淬硬傾向高的鋼材，焊前預熱，焊后熱處理，改善焊縫組織和性能。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">焊后，焊件在一定溫度范圍再次加熱（比如焊后退火等）而產(chǎn)生的裂紋稱(chēng)為再熱裂紋。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體;">防止措施有；在滿(mǎn)足設計要求的前提下，選用低強度的焊條，使焊縫強度低子母材，應力在焊縫中松弛，避免在熱影響區產(chǎn)生裂紋</span>}盡量減少焊接殘余應力和應力集中；控制焊接熱輸入，合理選擇熱處理溫度，盡量避開(kāi)裂紋敏感的溫度范圍。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 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